Functions of Solar Powered Street Lamp Components

Urban road lighting is closely related to people's production and life. With the acceleration of urbanization in various countries in the world, green, efficient and environmentally friendly solar street lamps have gradually entered people's production and service life; the biggest advantage of solar street lights is that there is no need to erect transmission lines or dig trenches and lay cables. It can be installed in any places such as city roads, squares, parks, parking lots and highways. Compared with traditional lighting sources, LED light sources are small in size, light in weight, and can withstand various harsh weather conditions. It has the incomparable advantages of traditional light sources in terms of power consumption, service life and environmental protection. Solar powered street lamps are composed of solar panels, batteries, high-brightness lamps, controllers and other components.

1. The role of the battery

The solar battery pack is the energy storage device of the solar panel, its function is to store the electric energy emitted by the panel when there is sunshine, and use it for the load at night or in cloudy and rainy days. The battery pack is composed of several batteries in series and parallel, and its capacity requires that it can meet the power supply time and power supply demand of street lamps in days without solar radiation. At present, lead-acid batteries are commonly used in China, and there are many solar street lights using lithium batteries, but the price of lithium batteries is also relatively high. The battery stores chemical energy, which converts DC electrical energy into chemical energy for storage, and then converts chemical energy into electrical energy and releases it when needed. The former is called battery charging and the latter is called battery discharging. Therefore, in the photovoltaic power generation system, the battery plays a role in storing and regulating the electric energy generated by the system; since the power output of the photovoltaic power generation system changes every day, when the sunlight is insufficient or the photovoltaic power generation system needs to be repaired, the battery can also provide relatively stable power.

2. The role of led light source

The function of the LED lighting source is the simplest, that is, it is used for lighting. It has the advantages of long service life, high luminous efficiency, small size, light weight, environmental protection, safety and reliability. The key to the perfect combination of solar photovoltaic power generation technology and LED lighting is that both are direct current, low voltage and can match each other. Therefore, the combination of the two does not require the conversion of direct current generated by solar cells into alternating current, thus greatly improving the efficiency of the entire lighting system. This not only saves cost and energy consumption, but also greatly shortens the response time of switching on and off. At the same time, with the help of grid-connected technology or the use of battery charging and discharging energy, its advantages are more obvious. With the in-depth research of related technologies, the luminous efficiency of LEDs is constantly improving, and ultra-high brightness LEDs will come out, which will inevitably replace ordinary lighting sources, and save a lot of energy and no pollution.

3. The role of the controller

The controller of the solar street lamp has three main functions, voltage regulation, boost and control. When the sun shines on the solar panel, the solar panel will charge the battery, and its voltage is very unstable at this time. If it is directly charged, it may reduce the service life of the battery, and may even cause damage to the battery. The controller has a voltage regulation function in it, which can limit the voltage of the input battery by constant voltage and current. When the battery is fully charged, it can charge a small part of the current, or not charge it. If the voltage of the battery is 24V, but it needs 36V to reach the normal lighting, then the controller needs to increase the voltage so that the battery can reach the level where the lights can be turned on. This function must be realized through the solar street lamp controller. The basic function of the solar powered street lamp controller is of course control. When the solar panel irradiates the solar energy, the solar panel will charge the battery. At this time, the controller will automatically detect the charging voltage and output the voltage to the solar lamp, so that It will make the solar powered street lamp bright.

4. The role of solar panels

Solar panels are the core part of solar powered street lamps and the most valuable part. Its function is to convert the radiant energy of the sun into electrical energy, or send it to the battery for storage. Commonly used panels are monocrystalline silicon solar cells, polycrystalline silicon solar cells and amorphous silicon solar cells. In the eastern and western regions with sufficient sunlight and good sunshine, it is better to use polycrystalline silicon solar cells, because the production process of polycrystalline silicon solar cells is relatively simple, and the price is lower than that of monocrystalline silicon solar cells. In the southern region where there are many cloudy and rainy days and relatively insufficient sunshine, it is better to use monocrystalline silicon solar cells, because the performance parameters of monocrystalline silicon solar cells are relatively stable. Amorphous silicon solar cells are better in the case of insufficient outdoor sunlight, because amorphous silicon solar cells have lower requirements for sunlight conditions.

Of course, the role of street lighting lamp pole is to support the lamp head of solar street lamp. Since the solar powered street lamp is for outdoor led lighting projects, the outdoor environment is relatively harsh. Therefore, solar street lamps have relatively high requirements for lamp poles. Hot-dip galvanizing is the most preferred and best galvanizing method for most solar street lamp manufacturers. Light poles with hot dip galvanized corrosion protection can be used for at least 15 years. Every accessory of the solar powered street lamp will affect the overall performance of the street light and the final lighting effect. Therefore, when choosing led solar street lamps, we must carefully select each accessory.